三维智慧量表(Three-Dimensional Wisdom Scale)

Cognitive Dimension of the 3D-WS（NOTE: The scale is the mean of 14 items. Alpha = .78 (time 1) and .85 (time 2).）
认知：对生活意义的理解和弄清事件真相的愿望；对人性的积极面与消极面、知识的局限性以及生活中不可预知性和不确定性的理解和接纳。
How strongly do you agree or disagree with the following statements? (1 = strongly agree to 5 = strongly disagree)
Ignorance is bliss
It is better not to know too much about things that cannot be changed
In this complicated world of ours, the only way we can know what’s going on is to rely on leaders or experts who can be trusted
There is only one right way to do anything
A person either knows the answer to a question or he/she doesn’t
You can classify almost all people as either honest or crooked
People are either good or bad
Life is basically the same most of the time
How much are the following statements true of yourself? (1 = definitely true of myself to 5 = not true of myself)
A problem has little attraction for me if I don’t think it has a solution
I try to anticipate and avoid situations where there is a likely chance I will have to think in depth about something
I prefer just to let things happen rather than try to understand why they turned out that way
Simply knowing the answer rather than understanding the reasons for the answer to a problem is fine with me
I am hesitant about making important decisions after thinking about them
I often do not understand people’s behavior

Reflective Dimension of the 3D-WS（NOTE: The scale is the mean of 12 items. Alpha = .75 (time 1) and .71 (time 2). ）
反思：从多角度感知现象和事件，要求自我反省，自我感知、自我洞察
How strongly do you agree or disagree with the following statements? (1 = strongly agree to 5 = strongly disagree)
Things often go wrong for me by no fault of my own
I would feel much better if my present circumstances changed
How much are the following statements true of yourself? (1 = definitely true of myself to 5 = not true of myself)
I try to look at everybody’s side of a disagreement before I make a decision (reversed)
When I’m upset at someone, I usually try to “put myself in his or her shoes” for a while (reversed)
I always try to look at all sides of a problema (reversed)
Before criticizing somebody, I try to imagine how I would feel if I were in their place (reversed)
I sometimes find it difficult to see things from another person’s point of view
When I am confused by a problem, one of the first things I do is survey the situation and consider all the relevant pieces of information (reversed)
Sometimes I get so charged up emotionally that I am unable to consider many ways of dealing with my problems
When I look back on what has happened to me, I can’t help feeling resentful
When I look back on what’s happened to me, I feel cheated
I either get very angry or depressed if things go wrong

Affective Dimension of the 3D-WS（NOTE: The scale is the mean of 13 items. Alpha = .74 (time 1) and .72 (time 2).）
情感：同情、怜悯、关爱他人
How strongly do you agree or disagree with the following statements? (1 = strongly agree to 5 = strongly disagree)
I am annoyed by unhappy people who just feel sorry for themselves
People make too much of the feelings and sensitivity of animals
There are some people I know I would never like
I can be comfortable with all kinds of people (reversed)
It’s not really my problem if others are in trouble and need help
How much are the following statements true of yourself? (1 = definitely true of myself to 5 = not true of myself)
Sometimes I don’t feel very sorry for other people when they are having problems
Sometimes I feel a real compassion for everyone (reversed)
I often have not comforted another when he or she needed it
I don’t like to get involved in listening to another person’s troubles
There are certain people whom I dislike so much that I am inwardly pleased when they are caught and punished for something they have done
Sometimes when people are talking to me, I find myself wishing that they would leave
I’m easily irritated by people who argue with me
If I see people in need, I try to help them one way or another (reversed)

下面是份简短的调查问卷，旨在了解您的一些观点和日常行为，您在多大程度上赞同下面的表述，请选择最符合您的选项。每题只须选一个答案即可，没有正误之分。不要着急，而是平静地根据您的第一印象来回答。

非常同意
有点同意
不能确定
有点不同意
非常不同意

在这个复杂的世界中，想要知晓正在发生的事，唯一途径是依靠可信赖的领导或专家。
我讨厌那些闷闷不乐的人，因为他们只觉得对不起自己。
多数时候的生活是一成不变的。
人们太在乎动物的感受了。
世上的人可归为诚实和虚假两类。
如果我目前的处境发生改变，我会觉得好很多。
做任何事都只有一种正确的方法。
在我认识的人中，有些我永远都不会喜欢。
对无法改变的事情，最好不要太深究。
尽管错不在我，但事情经常出错。
不要看的太明白，这样才会活的更快乐。
与各式各样的人相处我都感到舒适。
对某问题，他或她要么知道答案，要么就不知道。
即便有人身处困境且需帮助，我也漠不关心。
人非善即恶。

下面的叙述对您多大程度是真实的，请选择最符合你的选项。

我总是如此
我基本如此
我有时如此
我很少如此
我从不如此

充分考虑大家的不同意见后我再作决定。
我会竭尽全力帮助那些需要帮助的人。
每当我对某人生气时，我通常会试图换位思考一下。
一旦那些令我讨厌的人因做错事被抓并受到惩罚，我会幸灾乐祸。
我考虑问题很周全。
有时我对所有人都有怜悯心。
一旦预知到某些场合我须绞尽脑汁的思考，我都设法避开。
当回顾发生在自己身上的事情时，我不禁感到不满。
当某人需要安慰时，我常常不会给予安慰。
如果我认为某个问题无法解答，它对我几乎没有吸引力。
若事情出现差错，我会非常生气或沮丧。
当别人遇到困难时，有时我觉得自己缺少同情心。
别人的行为我常常无法理解。
有时我很冲动，以至于无法周全地处理问题。
有时当某人与我正在说话时，我却暗自希望他赶紧走开。
事情发生就发生了，我不喜欢深究其中的原因。
当我对某问题感到疑惑时，我做的第一件事是先调查情况，并思考所有相关信息。
我不喜欢聆听别人的烦恼。
尽管思考良久，但在做重要决定时我仍犹豫不决。
在批评某人前，我会换位思考，以切身体会对方可能会有的感受。
我很容易被与我争论的人所激怒。
当我回忆过去的时候，我感到被骗了。
我只想知道问题的答案，而不想弄懂其背后的原因。
有时我发现很难从别人的角度看问题。

A total of 180 older adults,ranging in age from 52 to 87 years with a mean age of 71 years (SD = 8.02) and a median age of 72 years, ultimately decided to participate.Of the respondents,73%werewomen, 72% were White, 61% were married, 30% were widowed, and 78% were retired. Of the respondents, 29% had a high school diploma as their highest educational degree, 17% had some college, 13% had a 290 RESEARCH ON AGING bachelor’s degree, and 31% had a graduate degree. The median income was about $35,000 per year. Sixteen married couples participated in the study.

参考文献：
ARDELT, MONIKA. Empirical Assessment of a Three-Dimensional Wisdom Scale[J]. Research on Aging, 2003, 25(3):275-324.
陈浩彬, 汪凤炎. Wisdom: Structure, Category, Measurement and Relationships to Related Variables%智慧:结构、类型、测量及与相关变量的关系[J]. 心理科学进展, 2013, 021(001):108-117.
傅绪荣.2019.南京师范大学博士论文.大学生智慧的测量及其与幸福感的关系