20世纪60年代积极心理学的兴起使得感戴成为重要研究領域。感戴( gratitude)源于拉丁字根 gratia,意为“优雅、高尚、感谢”。"目前国内外对感戴的定义尚未形成统一看法,研究者试图把感戴看成一种情绪、态度、高尚的道德、习惯、人格特质、处理事情的反应和情感特质等。Rosenberg认为感戴是一种情感特质,即设定某种情绪状态发生的阈限值,能够对某类情绪反应具有稳定的预测作用。Watkins等认为感戴是一种人格特质。
国外研究表明,高感戴者健康水平也越高,并体验着更强烈而持久的幸福感。 Emmons和Kneezel将感戴视为情绪和精神功能健康的表征。Bono和 Mccullough认为,感戴可以使个体保持精神上平和,更易快乐,并与各种负性情绪和病理状态相抵触,能够预防精神障碍和疾病的发生。Laird等研究发现,在风湿性关节炎患者中,习惯于感載的个体较少体验到抑郁、焦虑。感戴有利于提高身心健康和幸福感,开感戴研究,有利于为中年人建立起高质量的生活提供依据。

42*For some reason I never seem to get the breaks that others get.
26*More bad things have happened to me in my life than I deserve
4*I never seem to get the breaks that other people do.
7*There never seems to be enough to go around and I'm always coming up short
14*I really dont think that Ive gotten all the good things that I deserve in life
28*Because of what I've gone through in my life, I really feel like the world owes me something
31*I believe that I've had more than my share of bad things come my way
2*I think that life has handed me a short stick
37* I basically feel like life has ripped me off.
3*It sure seems like others get a lot more benefits in life than I do.
6 Life has been good to me
12* It seems like people have frequently tried to impede my progress
39*I feel that"someone up there"doesnt like me.
24 I believe that I am a very fortunate person.
32*Although I think that I'm morally better than most, I haven't gotten my just reward in life
21*At Christmas, I never seemed to get as many presents or presents that were as good as others received
29 I believe that the things in life that are really enjoyable are just as available to me as they are to Ross Perot or Donald Trump.
15 Every Fall I really enjoy watching the leaves change colors
25 I think that it's important to"Stop and smell the roses.
27 I really enjoy the changing seasons.
9 Oftentimes I have been overwhelmed at the beauty of nature
41 I love the green of Spring
36 I think it's important to enjoy the simple things in life.
5 Often Im just amazed at how beautiful the sunsets are
18 Sometimes I find myself overwhelmed by the beauty of a musical
34 I really enjoy a crackling fire on a cold winters day.
30 I love to sit and watch the snow fall
35 I think that it's important to sit down every once in a while and count your blessings
40 The simple pleasures of life are the best pleasures of life.
43 I think it's important to appreciate each day that you are alive
8 Often I think, " What a privilege it is to be alive.
16 Although I'm basically in control of my life, I cant help but think about all those who have supported me and helped me along the way.
38 I feel deeply appreciative for the things others have done for me in my life
13 Although I think it's important to feel good about your accomplishments, I think that it's also important to remember how others have contributed to my accomplishments
1 I could't have gotten where I am today without the help of many
19 Im basically very thankful for the parenting that was provided to me
22 Sometimes I think. "Why am I so privileged so as to be bom into the situation I was bom into?
44 Im really thankful for friends and family.
11 Many people have given me valuable wisdom throughout my life that has been important to my success
23 One of my favorite times of the year is Thanksgiving
17 Part of really enjoying something good is being thankful for that thing
20* T've gotten where I am today because of my own hard work despite the lack of any help or support
10 I feel grateful for the education I have received
33 After eating I often pause and think, " What a wonderful meal.
*Indicates item is reverse scored

【指导语】请您仔细阅读以下每句话，并在相应的数字上打“”(“1”代表非常不同意；“2”代表不同意；“3”代表不确定，“4”代表同意；“5”代表非常同意)，以标明您对该句话的同意程度。

非常不同意
不同意
不确定
同意
非常同意

因素1 剥夺感的缺失
1、 我觉得生活对我不公平
2、 看起来其他人从生活中得到的益处确实比我多
3、 我好像从来没有得到过像别人那样的机会
4、 生活对我来说已经够美好了
5、 似乎从来都是“僧多粥少”，我也从来没有得到过我的那份
6、 仿佛人们常常试图阻止我进步
7、 我觉得生活中有许多美好的事物是我应该得到，但我并没有得到
8、 过生日的时候，我收到的礼物都不如别人的好也不如别人的多。
9、 我相信我是一个非常幸运的人
10、由于我生活中经历的一些事情，我感觉这个世界是欠我的
11、我觉得我人生道路上遇到的坏事情已经超过了我应承受的
12、虽然我认为我比大多数人道德高尚，但在生活中我并没有应得的回报
13、我觉得生活使我体无完肤
14、我感觉上天、荣誉、命运都不青睐于我
15、由于某些原因，我似乎从来不具有别人所拥有的优势

因素2 对社会的感激
16、如果没有许多人的帮助，我就不会取得今天的成就
17、我常常想，“活着是多大的恩惠啊。”
18、在生活中，曾经有很多人给了我宝贵的智慧，这对我的成功来说是至关重要的
19、虽然基本上我能掌控自己的人生，但我还是禁不住想起那些在我人生道路上一直支持和帮助我的人
20、我由衷的感激父母对我养育之恩
21、有时我想，“为什么我如此之幸运降生在我现在所处的家庭和文化中
22、我认为常常停下来，“列举所受的恩惠”，这是非常重要的
23、在生活中，我深深感激他人为我所做的一切
24、生活中简单的幸福就是最大的幸福
25、我认为对活着的每一天都心存感激是很重要的
26、我真的很感激我的朋友和家人

因素3 对自然事物的感激
27、我常常会惊叹于日落的美丽
28、我时常会为自然美景所折服
29、我真正喜欢一些美好的事物，我对它们心存感激
30、我认为“驻足闻花香”是很有必要的
31、我喜欢坐着观看雪花飘落
32、每年春天，我真的很喜欢看花朵绽放
33、我认为享受生活中的点点滴滴是非常重要的
34、我喜欢春天的郁郁葱葱

被试为年龄在35-60岁之间的中年人。采取三种形式发放问卷:一是在广东省湛江市、县区选取单位员工作为被试,问卷当场回收。二是通过学生把问卷带给家长,问卷当天回收。三是通过网络发送完成问卷。共发放问卷1248份,回收问卷1174。有效问卷为890份。
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【注意反向计分题目】

参考文献：
孙文刚, 汪金, 韩仁生. 大学生感戴量表(GRAT)的修订[J]. 中国临床心理学杂志, 2010, 018(001):28-30.
杜秋霞. 中年人感戴状况调查研究[J]. 潍坊工程职业学院学报, 2014, 27(002):48-51.
Watkins P C , Woodward K , Stone T , et al. Gratitude and happiness: Development of a measure of gratitude, and relationships with subjective well-being[J]. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health, 2003, 38(5):814-827.