依恋.jpeg

在你现在或者过去所经历过的人际关系中,下列4种类型,每种在多大程度上能够描述你对他人(如朋友,亲戚等)的一般的感觉和想法?请运用下面的7点量表进行评定,在评价值一栏(1到7)相应的数值上划勾。
1-----------2-----------3-----------4------------5------------6-----------7
一点也不适合 比较不适合 有点不适合 不好说 有点适合 比较适合 完全适合

类型1(安全型)
对我来说,在感情上和他人变得亲近是一件比较容易的事情。信赖他人或让他人信赖我,我都觉得这是很自在的事。我不担心自己独处,或者不被他人所接受。

类型2(回避型)
即使在感情上没有和他人建立亲密的关系,我也会觉得自在。对我来说最重要的是要自立,什么都自己干。我倾向于不依赖他人,也不喜欢让他人依赖我。

类型3(矛盾型)
我想和他人在感情上非常亲密,但是我经常发现他人并不愿意像我所希望的那样。如果关系不亲密,我会觉得不自在,但我有时担心他人并不象我重视他(/她)那样地重视我。

类型4(恐惧型)
跟他人亲近,我会觉得有点儿不自在。我需要感情上的亲密关系,但是我发现很难完全信任他人或者依赖他人。有时,我担心如果与他人过于亲近的话,会对我构成伤害。

上面提到的4种类型中,哪一种和你对他人的感情最匹配?
请选择一种最适合你的类型,在右边的相应的数字上划:类型1 类型2 类型3 类型 4

Secure. It is relatively easy for me to become emotionally close to others. I am comfortable depending on others and having others depend on me. I don't worry about being alone or having others not accept me.
Dismissing. I am comfortable without close emotional relationships. It is very important to me to feel independent and self-sufficient, and I prefer not to depend on others or have others depend on me.
Preoccupied. I want to be completely emotionally intimate with others, but I often find that others are reluctant to get as close as I would like. I am uncomfortable being without close relationships, but I sometimes worry that others don't value me as much as I value them.
Fearful. I am somewhat uncomfortable getting close to others. I want emotionally close relationships, but I find it difficult to trust others completely, or to depend on them. I sometimes worry that I will be hurt if I allow myself to become too close to others.
Note. In subsequent revisions, the word relatively has been deleted from the secure prototype and the words somewhat and sometimes have been deleted from the fearful prototype.

安全型、先占型 (也有译为迷恋型、专注型、倾注型、矛盾型的)、拒绝型 (也有译为冷漠型、忽视型、轻视型、排斥型、回避型的)和恐惧型 (也有译为害怕型、混乱型的)。

安全型反映了个体在人际关系中的舒适,认为关系有价值,既有亲近感,又有自主性(对自我和他人都是积极的观点);矛盾型具有焦虑和情绪化的特征,过度沉浸和依赖(人际关系对自我是消极的,对他人是积极的);回避型的特征是崇尚独立 (对自我是积极的),否认渴望亲近(对他人是消极的);恐惧型的特征是焦虑、不信任和害怕拒绝(对自我和他人都是消极的)。

杜江红等研究表明,成人依恋的潜在结构是连续的,也就是说,划分依恋类型并不太合适。

参考文献:
Bartholomew K , Horowitz L M . Attachment styles among young adults: A test of a four-category model.[J]. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 1991, 61(2):226-244.
李同归, 加藤和生. 成人依恋的测量:亲密关系经历量表(ECR)中文版%Measuring Adult Attachment: Chinese Adaptation of the ECR Scale[J]. 心理学报, 2006, 38(3):399-406.
杜江红, 李永鑫. Study on the Structure of Adult Attachment Style%成人依恋风格的结构探索[J]. 心理学探新, 2017, 037(006):531-536.